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@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ not 1; # ERROR!
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```
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### Variables
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Variable names can contain letters, digits and underscores (the first character can't be a digit though). You can set variables without declaring them first:
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Variable names can contain letters, digits and underscores (the first character can't be a digit though). You can define variables by assigning a value to them directly:
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```py
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a = 5;
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```
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@@ -123,85 +123,68 @@ print('b = ', b, '\n'); # b = 1
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print('a = ', a, '\n'); # a = 2
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```
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## Branches
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## If-Else statements
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Like in every other language, it's possible to make the execution of one or more statements optional.
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```py
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if 1 < 2:
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print('Took the branch!\n'); # This is executed!
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if 1 < 2: {
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print('I\'m executed!\n');
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}
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if 1 > 2:
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print('Didn\'t take the branch\n'); # This isn't!
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```
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..or you can specify an alternative branch, which is executed when the
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condition isn't true:
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if 1 > 2: {
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print('I\'m not..\n');
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}
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```py
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if 1 > 2:
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print('Not executed..\n');
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else
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print('Executed!\n');
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```
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You can have multiple statements inside a branch by having them inside a
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compound statement. Compound statements are statement lists wrapped inside
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curly brackets, like this:
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```py
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{ print('Hello from a '); print('compound statement!\n'); }
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```
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This way they count as one statement.
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```py
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if 1 == 1: {
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print('Executed\n');
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print('Also executed\n');
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if 1 < 2: {
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print('I\'m executed!\n');
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} else {
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print('I\'m not..\n');
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}
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```
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Variables defined inside an if-else statement's branch are defined in the parent's context. This implies that variables may or may not be defined when you access them, based on which branch is taken.
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If you only have one statement inside the if or the else branch, you can drop the curly brackets:
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```py
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a = 1;
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if 1 < 2:
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print('I\'m executed!\n');
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if 1 > 2:
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print('I\'m not..\n');
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if 1 < 2:
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print('I\'m executed!\n');
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else
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print('I\'m not..\n');
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```
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if-else statements don't create new variable scopes, which means
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variables defined inside an if-else statement's branch are defined in the parent's context. This implies that variables may or may not be defined when you access them, based on which branch is taken.
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```py
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# .. do stuff where you define a variable [a]..
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if a < 2:
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x = 100;
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# Now x is defined, but if "a" were to be higher or equal to 2, it
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# wouldn't be defined and the runtime would return an error.
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print(x); # May abort the execution because if [a < 2] isn't true, x would be undefined.
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```
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## Loops
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Looping constructs are available in the form of while and do-while statements. The while statement checks the condition before each iteration:
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Looping constructs are available in the form of while and do-while statements:
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```py
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i = 0;
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while i < 10:
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i = i + 1;
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```
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This loop runs for 10 times. As for the if-else statement, a single
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statement is expected as the body of the while statement. You can
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provide it a compound statement tho.
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```py
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i = 0;
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while i < 10:
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{
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print('While iteration no. ', i, '\n');
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# Iterates 10 times.
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while i < 10: {
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i = i + 1;
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}
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```
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The do-while statement checks the condition at the end of each
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iteration. This means that at least one iteration is performed!
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```py
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i = 0;
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do
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{
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print('Do-while iteration no. ', i, '\n');
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# Iterates 11 times.
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do {
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i = i + 1;
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}
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while i < 10;
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} while i < 10;
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```
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Like for if-else statements, variables defined inside the loop
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