utility functions for implementing noja functions in c; built-ins for socket management; http server draft in noja

examples/data_structures/stack.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+cat = string.cat;
+
+fun Node(T) {
+	K = { item: T, next: none };
+	K.next = ?K;
+	return K;
+}
+
+fun makeNode(item)
+	return { item: item, next: none };
+
+fun Stack(T)
+	return { size: int, head: ?Node(T) };
+
+fun StackIterator(T)
+	return { stack: Stack(T), index: ?int, cursor: ?Node(T), next: Callable };
+
+fun makeStackIterator(stack: Stack(any))
+	return {
+		stack: stack,
+		index: none,
+		cursor: stack.head,
+
+		fun toString(iter: StackIterator(stack.type))
+			return cat("StackIterator(", toString(stack), ")");
+
+		fun next(iter: StackIterator(stack.type)) {
+			if iter.index == none: {
+				iter.index = 0;
+				iter.cursor = iter.stack.head;
+			} else {
+				if iter.cursor != none: {
+					iter.cursor = iter.cursor.next;
+					iter.index = iter.index+1;
+				}
+			}
+			if iter.cursor == none:
+				return none;
+			return iter.cursor.item, iter.index;
+		}
+
+		fun haveNext(iter: StackIterator(stack.type)) {
+			return none != iter.cursor
+			   and none != iter.cursor.next;
+		}
+	};
+
+fun makeStack(T)
+	return {
+		type: T,
+		size: 0, 
+		head: none,
+		
+		fun push(stack: Stack(T), item: T) {
+			
+			if item == none:
+				error("Can't insert \"none\" into a stack");
+
+			node = makeNode(item);
+			node.next = stack.head;
+			stack.head = node;
+			stack.size = stack.size+1;
+		}
+
+		fun pop(stack: Stack(T)) {
+			node = stack.head;
+			if node != none: {
+				stack.head = node.next;
+				stack.size = stack.size-1;
+			}
+			return node.item;
+		}
+
+		fun isEmpty(stack: Stack(T))
+			return stack.head == none;
+
+		fun toString(stack: Stack(T)) {
+			iter = stack->iter();
+			s = "[";
+			while (item = iter->next()) != none: {
+				s = cat(s, toString(item));
+				if iter->haveNext():
+					s = cat(s, ", ");
+			}
+			s = cat(s, "]");
+			return s;
+		}
+
+		fun print(stack: Stack(T))
+			print(stack->toString());
+
+		fun iter(stack: Stack(T))
+			return makeStackIterator(stack);
+	};
+
+return { 
+	Stack: Stack, 
+	makeStack: makeStack, 
+	StackIterator: StackIterator,
+	makeStackIterator: makeStackIterator
+};

examples/data_structures/stack_test.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+stack, error = import("stack.noja");
+print(error, "\n");
+Stack     = stack.Stack;
+makeStack = stack.makeStack;
+StackIterator = stack.StackIterator;
+makeStackIterator = stack.makeStackIterator;
+
+s1 = makeStack(int);
+s1->push(1);
+s1->push(2);
+s1->push(3);
+print(toString(s1), "\n");
+
+iter = makeIterator(s1);
+print(toString(iter), "\n");
+while (val, key = iter->next()) != none:
+	print(key, " => ", val, "\n");

examples/http.noja

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ fun parseVersion(scan: Scanner) {
     char = scan->consume(5); 
     major = ord(char) - ord("0");
 
-    if scan->hint(1) != "." and isDigit(scan->hint(2)): {
+    if scan->hint(1) == "." and isDigit(scan->hint(2)): {
         char = scan->consume(2);
         minor = ord(char) - ord("0");
     } else
@@ -316,9 +316,10 @@ fun parse(src: String) {
     if error != none:
         return none, error;
 
-    if scan->hint(0) != "\r" or scan->hint(1) != "\n":
+    if scan->hint(0) != "\r" or scan->hint(1) != "\n": {
         # Request with no headers or body
         return newRequest(method, url, version);
+    }
     scan->consume(2); # Consume the "\r\n"
 
     headers = {};
@@ -344,10 +345,18 @@ fun parse(src: String) {
         } while char != "\r" and char != none;
 
         headers[name] = body;
+
+        if char == "\r": {
+            if scan->hint(1) != "\n":
+                return none, "Missing \\n after \\r in header body";
+            scan->consume(2);
+        }
     }
 
-    if char != none:
+    if char != none: {
+        assert(char == "\r" and scan->hint(1) == "\n");
         scan->consume(2); # Consume the final "\r\n"
+    }
 
     return newRequest(method, url, version, headers);
 }

examples/http_server/main.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+server  = import("server.noja");
+request = import("request.noja");
+response = import("response.noja");
+Request = request.Request;
+
+fun loadFile(path: String) {
+	
+	stream, error = files.openFile(path, files.READ);
+	if error != none:
+		return none, error;
+
+	text = "";
+	size = 512;
+	do {
+		size = 2 * size;
+		data = buffer.new(size);
+
+		num_bytes, error = files.read(stream, data);
+		if error != none:
+			return none, error;
+
+		text = string.cat(text, buffer.toString(data));
+
+	} while num_bytes == size;
+
+	files.close(stream);
+	return text;
+}
+
+fun generateHome() {
+	title = "Homepage";
+	content = "Hello, world!";
+	return string.cat(
+		"<html>",
+			"<head>",
+				"<title>", title, "</title>",
+			"</head>",
+			"<body>",
+				"<a>", content, "</a>",
+			"</body>",
+		"</html>"
+	);
+}
+
+fun generateLogout() {
+}
+
+table = {
+	'/': 'login.html',
+	'/home': generateHome,
+	'/login': 'login.html',
+	'/signup': 'signup.html',
+	'/logout': generateLogout
+};
+
+default = 'notfound.html';
+debug = true;
+
+fun callback(req: Request) {
+
+	path = req.url.path;
+
+	if path == "/" or path == "/login": {
+
+		if req.method == "POST": {
+
+			
+			
+		} else if req.method == "GET"; {
+
+		} else {
+			assert(false);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	# Generate response body	
+	{
+		entry = table[req.url.path];
+		if entry == none: {
+			entry = default;
+			not_found = true;
+		} else
+			not_found = false;
+
+		if isCallable(entry):
+			data, error = entry(req);
+		else
+			data, error = loadFile(entry);
+	}
+
+	# Generate response object
+	{
+		if error == none:
+			res = response.new(200, data);
+		else if not_found:
+			res = response.new(404, data);
+		else if debug:
+			res = response.new(500, error);
+		else
+			res = response.new(500);
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+s, err = server.new(callback, "127.0.0.1", 8080);
+if s == none: error(err);
+s->loop(); # This doesn't return
+s->close();

examples/http_server/pages/login.html

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<title>Login page</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<form action="/login" method="POST">
+			<input type="text" name="user" placeholder="[Username]" />
+			<input type="password" name="pass" placeholder="[Password]" />
+			<input type="submit" value="Enter" />
+		</form>
+	</body>
+</html>

examples/http_server/parse.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+scanner = import("scanner.noja");
+
+newScanner = scanner.newScanner;
+Scanner = scanner.Scanner;
+isDigit = scanner.isDigit;
+ord = string.ord;
+cat = string.cat;
+
+fun isAlpha(char: String)
+    return (ord(char) >= ord('a') and ord(char) <= ord('z'))
+        or (ord(char) >= ord('A') and ord(char) <= ord('Z'));
+
+fun isUpper(char: String)
+    return ord(char) >= ord('A')
+       and ord(char) <= ord('Z');
+
+fun isUnreserved(char: String)
+    return isAlpha(char)
+        or isDigit(char)
+        or char == "-"
+        or char == "."
+        or char == "_"
+        or char == "~";
+
+fun isSubdelim(char: String)
+    return char == "!" or char == "$"
+        or char == "&" or char == "'"
+        or char == "(" or char == ")"
+        or char == "*" or char == "+"
+        or char == "," or char == ";"
+        or char == "=";
+
+fun isPChar(char: String)
+    return isUnreserved(char)
+        or isSubdelim(char)
+        or char == ":" 
+        or char == "@";
+
+fun parseMethod(scan: Scanner) {
+    
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char == none or not isUpper(char):
+        return none, "Missing method";
+
+    method = "";
+    do {
+        method = cat(method, char);
+        char = scan->consume();
+    } while char != none and isUpper(char);
+
+    return method, none;
+}
+
+fun parsePort(scan: Scanner) {
+
+    port = none;
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char == ":" and isDigit(scan->hint(1)): {
+
+        char = scan->consume(); # Skip the ":"
+
+        port = 0;
+        do {
+            digit = ord(char) - ord("0");
+            port = port * 10 + digit;
+            char = scan->consume();
+        } while char != none and isDigit(char);
+    }
+    return port;
+}
+
+fun isHostname(char: String)
+    return isUnreserved(char)
+        or isSubdelim(char);
+
+fun parseHost(scan: Scanner) {
+
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char == none:
+        return none, "Missing host";
+
+    if not isHostname(char):
+        return none, "Invalid character in place of host";
+
+    name = "";
+    do {
+        name = cat(name, char);
+        char = scan->consume();
+    } while char != none and isHostname(char);
+
+    port = parsePort(scan);
+    return {name: name, port: port};
+}
+
+fun parsePath(scan: Scanner) {
+
+    path = "";
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char != none and char == "/": {
+        path = cat(path, char);
+        char = scan->consume();
+    } else {
+        if char == none or not isPChar(char):
+            return none, "Invalid character in place of path";
+    }
+
+    while char != none and isPChar(char): {
+        do {
+            path = cat(path, char);
+            char = scan->consume();
+        } while char != none and isPChar(char);
+        if char == none or char != "/":
+            break;
+        path = cat(path, char);
+        char = scan->consume();
+    }
+
+    return path;
+}
+
+fun isQuery(char: ?String) {
+    if char == none:
+        return false;
+    return isPChar(char) 
+        or char == "/" 
+        or char == "?";
+}
+
+fun parseQuery(scan: Scanner) {
+    
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char != none and char == "?": {
+        query = "";
+        while isQuery(char = scan->consume()):
+            query = cat(query, char);
+    } else
+        query = none;
+
+    return query;
+}
+
+fun isFragment(char: ?String) {
+    if char == none:
+        return false;
+    return isPChar(char) or char == "/";
+}
+
+fun parseFragment(scan: Scanner) {
+    
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char != none and char == "#": {
+        fragment = "";
+        while isFragment(char = scan->consume()):
+            fragment = cat(fragment, char);
+    } else
+        fragment = none;
+
+    return fragment;
+}
+
+fun isSchemaFirst(char: ?String) {
+    return char != none and isAlpha(char);
+}
+
+fun isSchema(char: ?String)
+    return char != none 
+       and (isAlpha(char) 
+        or isDigit(char)
+        or char == "+" 
+        or char == "-"
+        or char == ".");
+
+fun parseSchema(scan: Scanner) {
+
+    char = scan->current();
+    schema = none;
+    if isSchemaFirst(char): {
+        start = scan.i;
+        schema = "";
+        do {
+            schema = cat(schema, char);
+            char = scan->consume();
+        } while isSchema(char);
+
+        if char == ":": 
+            scan->consume();
+        else {
+            schema = none;
+            scan.i = start;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return schema;
+}
+
+fun followsAuthority(scan: Scanner)
+    return scan->current() == "/" and scan->hint(1) == "/";
+
+fun parseURL(scan: Scanner) {
+
+    schema = parseSchema(scan);
+    
+    if followsAuthority(scan): {
+        scan->consume(2);
+        
+        host, error = parseHost(scan);
+        if error != none:
+            return none, error;
+        
+        path = none;
+        if scan->current() == "/":
+            path = parsePath(scan);
+
+    } else {
+        
+        host = none;
+
+        char = scan->current();
+        if char == none or char == "?" or char == "#":
+            return none, "Missing path";
+
+        path, error = parsePath(scan);
+        if error != none:
+            return none, error;
+    }
+
+    query = parseQuery(scan);
+    fragment = parseFragment(scan);
+
+    return {
+        host    : host,
+        path    : path, 
+        query   : query,
+        schema  : schema, 
+        fragment: fragment
+    };
+}
+
+fun parseVersion(scan: Scanner) {
+
+    if scan->hint(0) != "H" or scan->hint(1) != "T"
+    or scan->hint(2) != "T" or scan->hint(3) != "P"
+    or scan->hint(4) != "/" or not isDigit(scan->hint(5)):
+        return none, "Invalid version token";
+
+    char = scan->consume(5); 
+    major = ord(char) - ord("0");
+
+    if scan->hint(1) == "." and isDigit(scan->hint(2)): {
+        char = scan->consume(2);
+        minor = ord(char) - ord("0");
+    } else
+        minor = 0;
+    scan->consume();
+
+    return {major: major, minor: minor};
+}
+
+fun parseHead(src: String) {
+    
+    scan = newScanner(src);
+    
+    method, error = parseMethod(scan);
+    if error != none:
+        return none, error;
+
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char == none or char != " ":
+        return none, "Missing space after method";
+    scan->consume();
+
+    url, error = parseURL(scan);
+    if error != none:
+        return none, error;
+
+    char = scan->current();
+    if char != " ":
+        return none, "Missing space after URL";
+    scan->consume();
+
+    version, error = parseVersion(scan);
+    if error != none:
+        return none, error;
+
+    if scan->hint(0) != "\r" 
+    or scan->hint(1) != "\n": {
+    
+        # Request with no headers or body
+        return {
+            method: method, 
+            url: url, 
+            version: 
+            version, 
+            headers: {},
+            body: none
+        }, none, scan.i;
+    }
+
+    scan->consume(2); # Consume the "\r\n"
+
+    headers = {};
+    while (char = scan->hint(0)) != none and (char != "\r" or scan->hint(1) != "\n"): {
+
+        # Header name until the next ":"
+        name = "";
+        do {
+            name = cat(name, char);
+            char = scan->consume();
+        } while char != ":" and char != none;
+        
+        if char == none:
+            return none, "Invalid header (missing \":\" after name)";
+        scan->consume();
+        char = scan->consumeSpaces();
+
+        # Header body until \r
+        body = "";
+        do {
+            body = cat(body, char);
+            char = scan->consume();
+        } while char != "\r" and char != none;
+
+        headers[name] = body;
+
+        if char == "\r": {
+            if scan->hint(1) != "\n":
+                return none, "Missing \\n after \\r in header body";
+            scan->consume(2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if char != none: {
+        assert(char == "\r" and scan->hint(1) == "\n");
+        scan->consume(2); # Consume the final "\r\n"
+    }
+    
+    return {
+        method: method, 
+        url: url, 
+        version: version, 
+        headers: headers,
+        body: none
+    }, none, scan.i;
+}
+
+fun test() {
+    sample = cat(
+        "GET /search?client=firefox-b-d&q=http+request+dataset HTTP/2\r\n",
+        "Host: www.google.com\r\n",
+        "user-agent: curl/7.84.0\r\n",
+        "accept: */*\r\n",
+        "\r\n");
+
+    request, error = parseHead(sample);
+    print("request=", request, "\n");
+    print("error=", error, "\n");
+}
+
+return {parseHead: parseHead, test: test};

examples/http_server/request.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+parseHead = import("parse.noja").parseHead;
+
+Version = {
+    major: int,
+    minor: int
+};
+
+Host = { 
+    name: String, 
+    port: ?int 
+};
+
+URL = {
+    schema: ?String,
+    host  : ?Host,
+    path  : String,
+    query : ?String,
+    fragment: ?String
+};
+
+Request = {
+    method : String, 
+    url    : URL, 
+    version: Version,
+    body   : None | Buffer | [Buffer, Buffer]
+};
+
+fun fromSocket(fd: int, max_head: int = 1024) {
+
+	{
+		# Create a buffer to hold the received bytes
+		head_buffer = buffer.new(max_head);
+		
+		# Receive bytes up to the buffer's size
+		received_bytes, error = net.recv(fd, head_buffer);
+		if error != none:
+			return none, error, true;
+		
+		# Downsize the buffer to the received amount
+		head_buffer = buffer.sliceUp(head_buffer, 0, received_bytes);
+		assert(count(head_buffer) == received_bytes);
+
+		# Convert the received data to a string
+		text, error = buffer.toString(head_buffer);
+		if error != none:
+			return none, error, false; # Request isn't UTF-8
+	}
+
+	{
+		# Parse the request head's information
+		request, error, parsed_bytes = parseHead(text);
+		if error != none:
+			return none, error, false;
+
+		# Split the received data into head and body.
+		head_bytes = buffer.sliceUp(head_buffer, 0, parsed_bytes);
+		body_bytes = buffer.sliceUp(head_buffer, parsed_bytes, count(head_buffer) - parsed_bytes);
+	}
+	
+	# Receive the remaining portion of the 
+	# request's body (if it wasn't already)
+	{
+		content_length = request.headers['Content-Length'];
+		if content_length == none: 
+			content_length = 0;
+
+		# TODO: Limit the content length 
+
+		waiting_bytes = content_length - count(body_bytes);
+		assert(waiting_bytes >= 0);
+
+		if waiting_bytes > 0: {
+
+			second_half = buffer.new(waiting_bytes);
+
+			received_bytes, error = net.recv(fd, second_half);
+			if error != none:
+				return none, error, true; # Failed to receive the second half of the body
+			assert(received_bytes == waiting_bytes);
+
+			body_bytes = [body_bytes, second_half];
+		}
+	}
+
+	request.body = body_bytes;
+	return request;
+}

examples/http_server/response.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+Response = {
+	status: int, 
+	body: Buffer, 
+	headers: Map
+};
+
+status_table = {
+	100: "Continue",
+	101: "Switching Protocols",
+	102: "Processing",
+
+	200: "OK",
+	201: "Created",
+	202: "Accepted",
+	203: "Non-Authoritative Information",
+	204: "No Content",
+	205: "Reset Content",
+	206: "Partial Content",
+	207: "Multi-Status",
+	208: "Already Reported",
+
+	300: "Multiple Choices",
+	301: "Moved Permanently",
+	302: "Found",
+	303: "See Other",
+	304: "Not Modified",
+	305: "Use Proxy",
+	306: "Switch Proxy",
+	307: "Temporary Redirect",
+	308: "Permanent Redirect",
+
+	400: "Bad Request",
+	401: "Unauthorized",
+	402: "Payment Required",
+	403: "Forbidden",
+	404: "Not Found",
+	405: "Method Not Allowed",
+	406: "Not Acceptable",
+	407: "Proxy Authentication Required",
+	408: "Request Timeout",
+	409: "Conflict",
+	410: "Gone",
+	411: "Length Required",
+	412: "Precondition Failed",
+	413: "Request Entity Too Large",
+	414: "Request-URI Too Long",
+	415: "Unsupported Media Type",
+	416: "Requested Range Not Satisfiable",
+	417: "Expectation Failed",
+	418: "I'm a teapot",
+	420: "Enhance your calm",
+	422: "Unprocessable Entity",
+	426: "Upgrade Required",
+	429: "Too many requests",
+	431: "Request Header Fields Too Large",
+	449: "Retry With",
+	451: "Unavailable For Legal Reasons",
+
+	500: "Internal Server Error",
+	501: "Not Implemented",
+	502: "Bad Gateway",
+	503: "Service Unavailable",
+	504: "Gateway Timeout",
+	505: "HTTP Version Not Supported",
+	509: "Bandwidth Limit Exceeded"
+};
+
+fun getStatusText(code: int) {
+	text = status_table[code];
+	if text == none:
+		return "???";
+	return text;
+}
+
+fun new(status: int = 200, 
+		body: Buffer | String = "", 
+		headers: Map = {}) {
+	
+	if type(body) == String:
+		body = buffer.fromString(body);
+
+	# It's important to cast the body from a
+	# string to a buffer before calculating
+	# the Content-Length because the count of
+	# a string doesn't necessarily match the
+	# number of bytes!
+	headers['Content-Length'] = count(body);
+
+	return {status: status, body: body, headers: headers};
+}
+
+fun toBuffer(res: Response) {
+
+	cat = string.cat;
+	text = cat("HTTP/1.0 ", toString(res.status), " ", getStatusText(res.status), "\r\n");
+	
+	i = 0;
+	header_names = keysof(res.headers);
+	while i < count(header_names): {
+		name = header_names[i];
+		body = toString(res.headers[name]);
+		text = cat(text, name, ": ", body, "\r\n");
+		i = i+1;
+	}
+	text = cat(text, "\r\n", buffer.toString(res.body));
+	return buffer.fromString(text);
+}
+
+fun toSocket(fd: int, res: Response) {
+	buf = toBuffer(res);
+	_, error = net.send(fd, buf);
+	return error;
+}

examples/http_server/scanner.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+
+Scanner = {
+    src: String, 
+    i: int,
+    hint: Callable,
+    current: Callable,
+    consume: Callable,
+    consumeSpaces: Callable
+};
+
+fun newScanner(src: String) {
+    
+    fun isSpace(c: String)
+        return c == ' '
+            or c == '\t'
+            or c == '\n';
+    
+    scan = {
+        src: src, 
+        i: 0,
+        
+        fun hint(scan: Scanner, n: int = 1) {
+            k = scan.i + n;
+            if k < count(scan.src):
+                return scan.src[k];
+            return none;
+        }
+        
+        fun current(scan: Scanner)
+            return scan->hint(0);
+
+        fun consume(scan: Scanner, n: int = 1) {
+            assert(n > 0);
+            limit = count(scan.src);
+            scan.i = min(scan.i + n, limit);
+            return scan->current();
+        }
+
+        fun consumeSpaces(scan: Scanner) {
+            char = scan->current();
+            while isSpace(char):
+                char = scan->consume();
+            return char;
+        }
+    };
+    assert(istypeof(Scanner, scan));
+    return scan;
+}
+
+fun isDigit(char: ?String) {
+    if char == none:
+        return false;
+    ord = string.ord;
+    return ord(char) >= ord('0')
+       and ord(char) <= ord('9');
+}

examples/http_server/server.noja

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+request  = import("request.noja");
+response = import("response.noja");
+
+Server = {
+	fd: int, 
+	callback: Callable, 
+	loop : Callable, 
+	close: Callable
+};
+
+fun handleClient(fd: int, server: Server) {
+	
+	req, error, error_is_internal = request.fromSocket(fd);
+	if error != none: {
+		if error_is_internal: {
+			if debug: 
+				res = response.new(500, error);
+			else
+				res = response.new(500);
+		} else
+			res = response.new(400, error);
+	} else {
+		if req.version.major != 1:
+			res = response.new(505, "HTTP version not supported");
+		else
+			res = server.callback(req);
+	}
+	return response.toSocket(fd, res);
+}
+
+fun fallback_callback(request: Request)
+	return response.new(500, "No callback provided");
+
+return {
+	
+	Server: Server,
+
+	fun new(callback: Callable = fallback_callback,
+			addr    : String = "127.0.0.1", 
+		    port    : int = 8080, 
+			backlog : int = 32) {
+
+		fd, err = net.socket(net.AF_INET, net.SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+		if err != none:
+			return none, err;
+
+		if (err = net.bind(fd, net.AF_INET, port, addr)) != none: {
+			net.close(fd);
+			return none, err;
+		}
+
+		if (err = net.listen(fd, backlog)) != none: {
+			net.close(fd);
+			return none, err;
+		}
+
+		return {
+			fd: fd,
+			callback: callback,
+
+			fun loop(server: Server) {
+
+				while true: {
+					fd, addr_or_err, port = net.accept(server.fd);
+					if fd == none:
+						error = addr_or_err;
+					else {
+						error = handleClient(fd, server);
+						net.close(fd);
+					}
+					if error != none:
+						print(error);
+				}
+			}
+
+			fun close(server: Server)
+				net.close(server.fd);
+		};
+	}
+};

examples/scan.noja

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Scanner = {
 };
 
 fun newScanner(src: String) {
-
+    
     fun isSpace(c: String)
-    return c == ' '
+        return c == ' '
-        or c == '\t'
+            or c == '\t'
-        or c == '\n';
+            or c == '\n';
     
     scan = {
         src: src, 

misc/makegarbage.noja

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ while i < n: {
 	i = i + 1;
 
 	fun printPercent()
-		print(100.0 * i / n, '%\n');
+		print(string.cat('\r', stringFromNumeric(100.0 * i / n), '%'));
 	
 	printPercent();
 }

src/cli/main.c

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static const char usage[] =
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	assert(argc > 0);
-
+	
 	if(argc == 1)
 	{
 		// $ noja

src/lib/builtins/basic.c

@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include "net.h"
 #include "math.h"
+#include "utils.h"
 #include "basic.h"
 #include "files.h"
 #include "string.h"
@@ -43,41 +45,48 @@
 #include "../runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "../compiler/compile.h"
 
+static int bin_typename(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	UNUSED(argc);
+	ASSERT(argc == 1);
+
+	Heap *heap = Runtime_GetHeap(runtime);
+	const char *name = argv[0]->type->name;
+	Object   *o_name = Object_FromString(name, -1, heap, error);
+	if (o_name == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	rets[0] = o_name;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 static int bin_print(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
 {
 	UNUSED(runtime);
 	UNUSED(rets);
 	UNUSED(error);
-
+	
 	for(int i = 0; i < (int) argc; i += 1)
 		Object_Print(argv[i], stdout);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int bin_import(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+static int bin_import(Runtime *runtime, 
+					  Object **argv, 
+					  unsigned int argc, 
+					  Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], 
+					  Error *error)
 {
 	UNUSED(argc);
 	ASSERT(argc == 1);
 	
-	Heap *heap = Runtime_GetHeap(runtime);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[2];
-	ASSERT(heap != NULL);
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "s"))
-	
+		return -1;
-	Object *o_path = argv[0];
+
-	const char *path;
+	const char *path = pargs[0].as_string.data;
-	size_t path_len;
+	size_t  path_len = pargs[0].as_string.size;
-	{
+
-		if(!Object_IsString(o_path))
-		{
-			Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument #%d is not a string", 1);
-			return -1;
-		}
-		
-		path = Object_GetString(o_path, &path_len);
-		if (path == NULL)
-			return -1;
-		
-	}
-	
 	char full_path[1024];
 	
 	if(path[0] == '/') {
@@ -101,88 +110,28 @@ static int bin_import(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object
 		memcpy(full_path + written, path, path_len);
 		full_path[written + path_len] = '\0';
 	}
-	
-	Error sub_error;
-	Error_Init(&sub_error);
-	Source *src = Source_FromFile(full_path, &sub_error);
-	if(src == NULL) {
 
-		Object *o_none = Object_NewNone(heap, error);
+	Source *src = Source_FromFile(full_path, error);
-		if(o_none == NULL)
+	if(src == NULL)
-			return -1;
+		return -1;
-
-		Object *o_err = Object_FromString(sub_error.message, -1, heap, error);
-		if(o_err == NULL)
-			return -1;
-
-		Error_Free(&sub_error);
-		rets[0] = o_none;
-		rets[1] = o_err;
-		return 2;
-	}
 	
 	CompilationErrorType errtyp;
-    Executable *exe = compile(src, &sub_error, &errtyp);
+    Executable *exe = compile(src, error, &errtyp);
     if(exe == NULL) {
-        const char *errname;
-        switch(errtyp) {
-            default:
-            case CompilationErrorType_INTERNAL: errname = NULL; break;
-            case CompilationErrorType_SYNTAX:   errname = "Syntax"; break;
-            case CompilationErrorType_SEMANTIC: errname = "Semantic"; break;
-        }
-        UNUSED(errname);
-        
-		Object *o_none = Object_NewNone(heap, error);
-		if(o_none == NULL) {
-			Source_Free(src);
-			return -1;
-		}
-
-		Object *o_err = Object_FromString(sub_error.message, -1, heap, error);
-		if(o_err == NULL) {
-			Source_Free(src);
-			return -1;
-		}
-
 		Source_Free(src);
-		Error_Free(&sub_error);
+		return -1;
-		rets[0] = o_none;
-		rets[1] = o_err;
-		return 2;
     }
 
 	Object *sub_rets[8];
-	int retc = run(runtime, &sub_error, exe, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, sub_rets);
+	int retc = run(runtime, error, exe, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, sub_rets);
     if(retc < 0)
     {
-    	const char *errname = "Runtime";
-        // Snapshot?
-        UNUSED(errname);
-
-		Object *o_none = Object_NewNone(heap, error);
-		if(o_none == NULL) {
-			Source_Free(src);
-			Executable_Free(exe);
-			return -1;
-		}
-
-		Object *o_err = Object_FromString(sub_error.message, -1, heap, error);
-		if(o_err == NULL) {
-			Source_Free(src);
-			Executable_Free(exe);
-			return -1;
-		}
-		Error_Free(&sub_error);
-		rets[0] = o_none;
-		rets[1] = o_err;
 		Source_Free(src);
 		Executable_Free(exe);
-		return 2;
+		return -1;
     }
     ASSERT(retc == 1);
 	
-	Error_Free(&sub_error);
 	Source_Free(src);
 	Executable_Free(exe);
     rets[0] = sub_rets[0];
@@ -355,13 +304,14 @@ void bins_basic_init(StaticMapSlot slots[])
 	slots[3].as_type = Object_GetBoolType();
 	slots[4].as_type = Object_GetFloatType();
 	slots[5].as_type = Object_GetStringType();
-	slots[6].as_type = Object_GetListType();
+	slots[6].as_type = Object_GetBufferType();
-	slots[7].as_type = Object_GetMapType();
+	slots[7].as_type = Object_GetListType();
-	slots[8].as_type = Object_GetFileType();
+	slots[8].as_type = Object_GetMapType();
-	slots[9].as_type = Object_GetDirType();
+	slots[9].as_type = Object_GetFileType();
-	slots[10].as_type = Object_GetNullableType();
+	slots[10].as_type = Object_GetDirType();
-	slots[11].as_type = Object_GetSumType();
+	slots[11].as_type = Object_GetNullableType();
-	slots[12].as_object = Object_NewAny();
+	slots[12].as_type = Object_GetSumType();
+	slots[13].as_object = Object_NewAny();
 }
 
 StaticMapSlot bins_basic[] = {
@@ -371,6 +321,7 @@ StaticMapSlot bins_basic[] = {
 	{ TYPENAME_BOOL,   SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL /* Until bins_basic_init is called */ },
 	{ TYPENAME_FLOAT,  SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL /* Until bins_basic_init is called */ },
 	{ TYPENAME_STRING, SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL /* Until bins_basic_init is called */ },
+	{ TYPENAME_BUFFER, SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL /* Until bins_basic_init is called */ },
 	{ TYPENAME_LIST,   SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL /* Until bins_basic_init is called */ },
 	{ TYPENAME_MAP,    SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL /* Until bins_basic_init is called */ },
 	{ TYPENAME_FILE,   SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL /* Until bins_basic_init is called */ },
@@ -378,6 +329,8 @@ StaticMapSlot bins_basic[] = {
 	{ TYPENAME_NULLABLE,  SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL },
 	{ TYPENAME_SUM,       SM_TYPE, .as_type = NULL },
 	{ "any",    SM_OBJECT, .as_object = NULL },
+	
+	{ "net",    SM_SMAP, .as_smap = bins_net,    },
 	{ "math",   SM_SMAP, .as_smap = bins_math,   },
 	{ "files",  SM_SMAP, .as_smap = bins_files,  },
 	{ "buffer", SM_SMAP, .as_smap = bins_buffer, },
@@ -391,6 +344,7 @@ StaticMapSlot bins_basic[] = {
 	{ "error",  SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_error, .argc = 1 },
 	{ "assert", SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_assert, .argc = -1 },
 	{ "istypeof", SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_istypeof, .argc = 2, },
+	{ "typename", SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_typename, .argc = 1, },
 	{ "keysof", SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_keysof, .argc = 1, },
 	{ NULL, SM_END, {}, {} },
 };

src/lib/builtins/buffer.c

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "buffer.h"
+#include "utils.h"
 #include "../utils/defs.h"
+#include "../utils/utf8.h"
 #include "../runtime/runtime.h"
 
 static int bin_new(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ static int bin_new(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *r
         Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument is not an int");
         return -1;
     }
-
+    
     long long int size = Object_GetInt(argv[0]);
 
     Object *temp = Object_NewBuffer(size, Runtime_GetHeap(runtime), error);
@@ -53,6 +55,22 @@ static int bin_sliceUp(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Objec
     return 1;
 }
 
+static int bin_fromString(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+    ASSERT(argc == 1);
+    ParsedArgument pargs[1];
+    if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "s"))
+        return -1;
+
+    const char *str = pargs[0].as_string.data;
+    size_t      len = pargs[0].as_string.size;
+    Object *buffer = Object_NewBufferFromString(str, len, Runtime_GetHeap(runtime), error);
+    if (buffer == NULL)
+        return -1;
+    rets[0] = buffer;
+    return 1;
+}
+
 static int bin_toString(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
 {
     UNUSED(argc);
@@ -70,6 +88,9 @@ static int bin_toString(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Obje
     buffaddr = Object_GetBuffer(argv[0], &buffsize);
     ASSERT(buffaddr != NULL);
 
+    if(utf8_strlen(buffaddr, buffsize) < 0)
+        return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", "Buffer doesn't contain valid UTF-8");
+    
     Object *temp = Object_FromString(buffaddr, buffsize, Runtime_GetHeap(runtime), error);
 
     if(temp == NULL)
@@ -80,7 +101,8 @@ static int bin_toString(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Obje
 }
 
 StaticMapSlot bins_buffer[] = {
-    { "new",   SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_new, .argc = 1 },
+    { "new",     SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_new,     .argc = 1 },
     { "sliceUp", SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_sliceUp, .argc = 3 },
-    { "toString", SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_toString, .argc = 1 },
+    { "toString",   SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_toString,   .argc = 1 },
+    { "fromString", SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_fromString, .argc = 1 },
 };

src/lib/builtins/files.c

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include "files.h"
+#include "utils.h"
 #include "../utils/defs.h"
 
 enum {
@@ -38,30 +39,19 @@ enum {
 	MD_APPEND = 2,
 };
 
-#include <errno.h>
-
 static int bin_openFile(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
 {
 	UNUSED(argc);
 	ASSERT(argc == 2);
 
-	if(!Object_IsString(argv[0]))
-	{
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected first argument to be a string, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[0]));
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	if(!Object_IsInt(argv[1]))
-	{
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected second argument to be an int, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[1]));
-		return -1;
-	}
-
 	Heap *heap = Runtime_GetHeap(runtime);
 
-	int mode = Object_GetInt(argv[1]);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[2];
-	const char *path = Object_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "si"))
-	ASSERT(path != NULL); // We know argv[0] is a string.
+		return -1;
+
+	const char *path = pargs[0].as_string.data;
+	int         mode = pargs[1].as_int;
 
 	FILE *fp;
 	{
@@ -91,39 +81,23 @@ static int bin_openFile(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Obje
 		fp = fopen(path, mode2);
 
 		if(fp == NULL) {
-
-			Object *o_none = Object_NewNone(heap, error);
-			if(o_none == NULL)
-				return -1;
-
 			const char *errdesc;
 			switch(errno) {
-				case EACCES: errdesc = "Can't access file"; break;
+				case EACCES:  errdesc = "Can't access file"; break;
-				case EPERM: errdesc = "Permission denied"; break;
+				case EPERM:   errdesc = "Permission denied"; break;
-				case EEXIST: errdesc = "File or folder already exists"; break;
+				case EEXIST:  errdesc = "File or folder already exists"; break;
-				case EISDIR: errdesc = "Entity is a directory"; break;
+				case EISDIR:  errdesc = "Entity is a directory"; break;
 				case ENOTDIR: errdesc = "Entity is not a directory"; break;
-				case ELOOP: errdesc = "Too many symbolic links"; break;
+				case ELOOP:   errdesc = "Too many symbolic links"; break;
 				case ENAMETOOLONG: errdesc = "Entity name is too long"; break;
-				case ENFILE: errdesc = "Open descriptors limit reached"; break;
+				case ENFILE:  errdesc = "Open descriptors limit reached"; break;
-				case ENOENT: errdesc = "File or folder doesn't exist"; break;
+				case ENOENT:  errdesc = "File or folder doesn't exist"; break;
-				default: errdesc = "Unexpected error"; break;
+				default:      errdesc = "Unexpected error"; break;
 			}
-
+			return returnValues(error, heap, rets, "ns", errdesc);
-			Object *o_error = Object_FromString(errdesc, -1, heap, error);
-			if(o_error == NULL)
-				return -1;
-
-			rets[0] = o_none;
-			rets[1] = o_error;
-			return 2;
 		}
 	}
-
+	return returnValues(error, heap, rets, "F", fp);
-	rets[0] = Object_FromStream(fp, heap, error);
-	if(rets[0] == NULL)
-		return -1;
-	return 1;
 }
 
 static int bin_read(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
@@ -135,62 +109,31 @@ static int bin_read(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *
 	// Arg 1: buffer
 	// Arg 2: count
 
-	if(!Object_IsFile(argv[0]))
+	ParsedArgument pargs[3];
-	{
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "FB?i"))
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected first argument to be a file, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[0]));
 		return -1;
-	}
 
-	if(!Object_IsBuffer(argv[1]))
+	FILE  *stream;
-	{
+	void  *dstptr;
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected second argument to be a buffer, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[1]));
+	size_t dstlen;
-		return -1;
+	size_t count;
-	}
 
-	Heap *heap = Runtime_GetHeap(runtime);
+	stream = pargs[0].as_file;
-
+	dstptr = pargs[1].as_buffer.data;
-	void  *buff_addr;
+	dstlen = pargs[1].as_buffer.size;
-	size_t buff_size;
+	if (pargs[2].defined) {
-	
+		int n = pargs[2].as_int;
-	buff_addr = Object_GetBuffer(argv[1], &buff_size);
+		if (n < 0) {
-
+			Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument count must be a non-negative integer");
-	size_t read_size;
-
-	if(Object_IsNone(argv[2]))
-	{
-		read_size = buff_size;
-	}
-	else if(Object_IsInt(argv[2]))
-	{
-		long long int temp = Object_GetInt(argv[2]);
-		if(temp < 0) 
-		{
-			Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected third argument to be a positive integer");
 			return -1;
 		}
+		count = MIN((size_t) n, dstlen);
+	} else
+		count = (size_t) dstlen;
 
-		read_size = (size_t) temp; // TODO: Handle potential overflow.
+	size_t n = fread(dstptr, 1, count, stream);
-
-		if(read_size > buff_size)
-			read_size = buff_size;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected third argument to be an int or none, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[0]));
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	FILE *fp = Object_GetStream(argv[0]);
 	
-	if(fp == NULL)
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "i", n);
-		return -1;
-
-	size_t n = fread(buff_addr, 1, read_size, fp);
-
-	rets[0] = Object_FromInt(n, heap, error);
-	if(rets[0] == NULL)
-		return -1;
-	return 1;
 }
 
 static int bin_write(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
@@ -202,62 +145,31 @@ static int bin_write(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object
 	// Arg 1: buffer
 	// Arg 2: count
 
-	if(!Object_IsFile(argv[0]))
+	ParsedArgument pargs[3];
-	{
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "FB?i"))
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected first argument to be a file, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[0]));
 		return -1;
-	}
 
-	if(!Object_IsBuffer(argv[1]))
+	FILE  *stream;
-	{
+	void  *srcptr;
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected second argument to be a buffer, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[1]));
+	size_t srclen;
-		return -1;
+	size_t count;
-	}
 
-	Heap *heap = Runtime_GetHeap(runtime);
+	stream = pargs[0].as_file;
-
+	srcptr = pargs[1].as_buffer.data;
-	void  *buff_addr;
+	srclen = pargs[1].as_buffer.size;
-	size_t buff_size;
+	if (pargs[2].defined) {
-	
+		int n = pargs[2].as_int;
-	buff_addr = Object_GetBuffer(argv[1], &buff_size);
+		if (n < 0) {
-
+			Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument count must be a non-negative integer");
-	size_t write_size;
-
-	if(Object_IsNone(argv[2]))
-	{
-		write_size = buff_size;
-	}
-	else if(Object_IsInt(argv[2]))
-	{
-		long long int temp = Object_GetInt(argv[2]);
-		if(temp < 0) 
-		{
-			Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected third argument to be a positive integer");
 			return -1;
 		}
+		count = MIN((size_t) n, srclen);
+	} else
+		count = (int) srclen;
 
-		write_size = (size_t) temp; // TODO: Handle potential overflow.
+	size_t n = fwrite(srcptr, 1, count, stream);
 
-		if(write_size > buff_size)
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "i", n);
-			write_size = buff_size;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected third argument to be an int or none, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[0]));
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	FILE *fp = Object_GetStream(argv[0]);
-	
-	if(fp == NULL)
-		return -1;
-
-	size_t n = fwrite(buff_addr, 1, write_size, fp);
-
-	rets[0] = Object_FromInt(n, heap, error);
-	if(rets[0] == NULL)
-		return -1;
-	return 1;
 }
 
 static int bin_openDir(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
@@ -310,9 +222,7 @@ static int bin_nextDirItem(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, O
 
 	DIR *dir = Object_GetDIR(argv[0]);
 	ASSERT(dir != NULL);
-
+	
-	Heap *heap = Runtime_GetHeap(runtime);
-
 	errno = 0;
 
 	struct dirent *ent = readdir(dir);
@@ -327,10 +237,7 @@ static int bin_nextDirItem(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, O
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	rets[0] = Object_FromString(ent->d_name, -1, heap, error);
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "s", ent->d_name);
-	if(rets[0] == NULL)
-		return -1;
-	return 1;
 }
 
 StaticMapSlot bins_files[] = {

src/lib/builtins/math.c

@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@
 		return 1;								\
 	}
 
-WRAP_FUNC(ceil)
-WRAP_FUNC(floor)
 WRAP_FUNC(sin)
 WRAP_FUNC(cos)
 WRAP_FUNC(tan)
@@ -96,6 +94,48 @@ WRAP_FUNC(sqrt)
 WRAP_FUNC_2(atan2)
 WRAP_FUNC_2(pow)
 
+static int bin_ceil(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error) \
+{
+	UNUSED(argc);
+	ASSERT(argc == 1);
+
+	if(Object_IsFloat(argv[0]))
+	{
+		double v = Object_GetFloat(argv[0]);
+
+		rets[0] = Object_FromInt(ceil(v), Runtime_GetHeap(runtime), error);
+		if(rets[0] == NULL)
+			return -1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected first argument to be a float, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[0]));
+		return -1;
+	}
+}
+
+static int bin_floor(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error) \
+{
+	UNUSED(argc);
+	ASSERT(argc == 1);
+
+	if(Object_IsFloat(argv[0]))
+	{
+		double v = Object_GetFloat(argv[0]);
+
+		rets[0] = Object_FromInt(floor(v), Runtime_GetHeap(runtime), error);
+		if(rets[0] == NULL)
+			return -1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Error_Report(error, 0, "Expected first argument to be a float, but it's a %s", Object_GetName(argv[0]));
+		return -1;
+	}
+}
+
 StaticMapSlot bins_math[] = {
 	{ "PI", SM_FLOAT, .as_float = M_PI },
 	{ "E",  SM_FLOAT, .as_float = M_E },

src/lib/builtins/net.c

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include "net.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "../utils/defs.h"
+
+static int bin_socket(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	ASSERT(argc == 3);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[3];
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "iii"))
+		return -1;
+
+	int domain = pargs[0].as_int;
+	int   type = pargs[1].as_int;
+	int  proto = pargs[2].as_int;
+
+	int fd = socket(domain, type, proto);
+	
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", strerror(errno));
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "i", fd);
+}
+
+static int bin_bind(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	// 0: fd
+	// 1: family
+	// 2: port (family=AF_INET)
+	// 3: addr (family=AF_INET)
+
+	ASSERT(argc == 4);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[4];
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "iii?s"))
+		return -1;
+
+	int     fd = pargs[0].as_int;
+	int family = pargs[1].as_int;
+
+	if (family != AF_INET)
+		return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", "Invalid family (only AF_INET is supported at the moment)");
+
+	int   port = pargs[2].as_int;
+	const char *addr = pargs[3].defined ? pargs[3].as_string.data : NULL;
+
+	struct in_addr parsed_addr;
+	if (addr == NULL)
+		parsed_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+	else {
+		int res = inet_pton(family, addr, &parsed_addr);
+		if (res == 0) return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", "Invalid address");
+		if (res  < 0) return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", "Invalid family");
+	}
+
+	struct sockaddr_in buff;
+	buff.sin_family = family;
+	buff.sin_port   = htons(port);
+	buff.sin_addr   = parsed_addr;
+	if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*) &buff, sizeof(buff)) < 0)
+		return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "s", strerror(errno));
+
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "n");
+}
+
+static int bin_listen(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	// 0: fd
+	// 1: backlog
+
+	ASSERT(argc == 2);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[2];
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "ii"))
+		return -1;
+
+	int fd      = pargs[0].as_int;
+	int backlog = pargs[1].as_int;
+
+	if (listen(fd, backlog) < 0)
+		return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "s", strerror(errno));
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "n");
+}
+
+static int bin_recv(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	// 0: fd
+	// 1: buffer
+	// 2: count
+
+	ASSERT(argc == 3);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[3];
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "iB?i"))
+		return -1;
+
+	int        fd = pargs[0].as_int;
+	void  *dstptr = pargs[1].as_buffer.data;
+	size_t dstlen = pargs[1].as_buffer.size;
+
+	size_t count;
+	if (pargs[2].defined) {
+		int n = pargs[2].as_int;
+		if (n < 0)
+			return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", "Invalid negative count");
+		count = MIN((size_t) n, dstlen);
+	} else
+		count = dstlen;
+	
+	ssize_t res = recv(fd, dstptr, count, 0);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", strerror(errno));
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "i", res);
+}
+
+static int bin_send(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	// 0: fd
+	// 1: buffer
+	// 2: count
+
+	ASSERT(argc == 3);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[3];
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "iB?i"))
+		return -1;
+
+	int        fd = pargs[0].as_int;
+	void  *srcptr = pargs[1].as_buffer.data;
+	size_t srclen = pargs[1].as_buffer.size;
+
+	size_t count;
+	if (pargs[2].defined) {
+		int n = pargs[2].as_int;
+		if (n < 0)
+			return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", "Invalid negative count");
+		count = MIN((size_t) n, srclen);
+	} else
+		count = srclen;
+	
+	ssize_t res = send(fd, srcptr, count, 0);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", strerror(errno));
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "i", res);
+}
+
+static int bin_accept(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	// 0: fd
+
+	ASSERT(argc == 1);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[1];
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "i"))
+		return -1;
+
+	int fd = pargs[0].as_int;
+	
+	struct sockaddr_in new_addr;
+	socklen_t new_addr_size;
+	int new_fd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*) &new_addr, &new_addr_size);
+	if (new_fd < 0)
+		return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "ns", strerror(errno));
+	ASSERT(new_addr.sin_family == AF_INET);
+	ASSERT(new_addr_size == sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
+
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "iii", new_fd, new_addr.sin_addr.s_addr, new_addr.sin_port);
+}
+
+
+static int bin_close(Runtime *runtime, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], Error *error)
+{
+	// 0: fd
+
+	ASSERT(argc == 1);
+	ParsedArgument pargs[1];
+	if (!parseArgs(error, argv, argc, pargs, "i"))
+		return -1;
+
+	int fd = pargs[0].as_int;
+	int res = close(fd);
+	return returnValues2(error, runtime, rets, "i", res);
+}
+
+StaticMapSlot bins_net[] = {
+	{ "AF_INET", SM_INT, .as_int = AF_INET, },
+	{ "SOCK_STREAM", SM_INT, .as_int = SOCK_STREAM, },
+	{ "SOCK_DGRAM",  SM_INT, .as_int = SOCK_DGRAM,  },
+	{ "socket",  SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_socket, .argc = 3, },
+	{ "bind",    SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_bind,   .argc = 4, },
+	{ "listen",  SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_listen, .argc = 2, },
+	{ "accept",  SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_accept, .argc = 1, },
+	{ "recv",    SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_recv,   .argc = 3, },
+	{ "send",    SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_send,   .argc = 3, },
+	{ "close",   SM_FUNCT, .as_funct = bin_close,  .argc = 1, },
+	{ NULL, SM_END, {}, {} },
+};

src/lib/builtins/net.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "../runtime/runtime.h"
+extern StaticMapSlot bins_net[];

src/lib/builtins/start.noja

@@ -1,53 +1,41 @@
 
-fun abs(n: Numeric) {
+fun dummy() {}
-	if n < 0:
-		return -n;
-	return n;
-}
 
-fun min(x, y) {
+Func  = type(dummy);
-    if x < y:
-        return x;
-    return y;
-}
-
-fun max(x, y) {
-    if x > y:
-        return x;
-    return y;
-}
-
-Func  = type(abs);
 NFunc = type(print);
 Numeric = int | float;
 Callable = Func | NFunc;
 Collection = List | Map;
 
+chr = string.chr;
+ord = string.ord;
+cat = string.cat;
+
 # Stringify a number between 0 and 9.
 fun stringFromDigit(digit: int) {
 	assert(digit >= 0 and digit <= 9);
-	return string.chr(string.ord("0") + digit);
+	return chr(ord("0") + digit);
+}
+
+# This function returns the magnitude of the
+# argument and the power of 10 with the same
+# magnitude.
+fun getIntegerMagnitude(n: int) {
+	assert(n >= 0);
+	magn = 0;
+	powr = 1;
+	# Basically grow the power until it's
+	# bigger than the input.
+	while n >= powr * 10: {
+		powr = 10 * powr;
+		magn = 1 + magn;
+	}
+	return magn, powr;
 }
 
 # Stringify an unsigned integer
 fun stringFromInteger(n: int) {
 
-	# This function returns the magnitude of the
-	# argument and the power of 10 with the same
-	# magnitude.
-	fun getIntegerMagnitude(n: int) {
-		assert(n >= 0);
-		magn = 0;
-		powr = 1;
-		# Basically grow the power until it's
-		# bigger than the input.
-		while n >= powr * 10: {
-			powr = 10 * powr;
-			magn = 1 + magn;
-		}
-		return magn, powr;
-	}
-
 	negative = (n < 0);
 	
 	# Get the power of 10 with the
@@ -63,27 +51,167 @@ fun stringFromInteger(n: int) {
 		temp  = temp % power; # Remove it
 
 		# Add the digit to the output.
-		text = string.cat(text, stringFromDigit(digit));
+		text = cat(text, stringFromDigit(digit));
 
 		# Prep for the next iteration.
 		power = power / 10;
 	}
 
 	if negative:
-		text = string.cat("-", text);
+		text = cat("-", text);
 	return text;
 }
 
+fun stringFromFloating(f: float, max_decimals: int = 2) {
+	# This function is just a fast hack
+	epsilon = 0.00000001;
+	asint = math.floor(f);
+	text = stringFromInteger(asint);
+	text = cat(text, ".");
+	magn = 1.0;
+	temp = f - asint;
+	i = 0;
+	do {
+		magn = magn / 10;
+		digit = math.floor(temp / magn);
+		text = cat(text, stringFromDigit(digit));
+		temp = temp - magn * digit; # Remove the handled digit
+		i = i+1;
+	} while temp > epsilon and i < max_decimals;
+	return text;
+}
+
+fun stringFromNumeric(num: Numeric) {
+	if type(num) == int:
+		return stringFromInteger(num);
+	return stringFromFloating(num);
+}
+
 fun floatFromInteger(n: int)
 	return 1.0 * n;
 
+fun stringFromList(list: List) {
+	
+	s = "[";
+	i = 0;
+	while i < count(list): {
+		s = cat(s, toString(list[i]));
+		i = i+1;
+		if i < count(list):
+			s  = cat(s, ", ");
+	}
+	s = cat(s, "]");
+	return s;
+}
+
+fun stringFromMap(map: Map, can_use_method=true) {
+	s = none; # Result
+	has_method = istypeof(Callable, map.toString);
+	if can_use_method and has_method:
+		s = map->toString();
+	else {
+		s = "{";
+		i = 0;
+		keys = keysof(map);
+		while i < count(keys): {
+			s = cat(s, toString(keys[i]), ": ", toString(map[keys[i]]));
+			i = i+1;
+			if i < count(keys):
+				s = cat(s, ", "); 
+		}
+		s = cat(s, "}");
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
 fun integerFromDigit(char: String) {
-	ord = string.ord;
     res = ord(char) - ord('0');
     if res < 0 or res > 9:
     	error("String isn't a digit");
     return res;
 }
 
-fun append(array: List, item)
+fun GenericIterator(T) return {
-	array[count(array)] = item;
+	set : T,
+	keys : List,
+	index: ?int,
+	next : Callable
+};
+
+fun makeGenericIterator(set: Collection) return {
+	set  : set,
+	keys : keysof(set),
+	index: none,
+	fun next(iter: GenericIterator(type(set))) {
+			
+		index = iter.index;
+			
+		if index == none:
+			index = 0;
+		else {
+			if index < count(iter.keys):
+				index = index+1;
+		}
+
+		if index == count(iter.keys):
+			return none;
+
+		iter.index = index;
+		key = iter.keys[index];
+		val = iter.set[key];
+		return val, key, index;
+	}
+};
+
+return {
+
+	Func: Func,
+	NFunc: NFunc,
+	Numeric: Numeric,
+	Callable: Callable,
+	Collection: Collection,
+
+	fun makeIterator(set: Collection, can_use_method=true) {
+		if can_use_method and type(set) == Map and istypeof(Callable, set.iter):
+			return set->iter();
+		return makeGenericIterator(set);
+	}
+
+	fun toString(value, can_use_method=true) {
+		T = type(value);
+		if T == None : return "none";
+		if T == int  : return stringFromInteger(value);
+		if T == float: return stringFromFloating(value);
+		if T == List : return stringFromList(value);
+		if T == Map  : return stringFromMap(value, can_use_method);
+		if T == Type : return typename(T);
+		if T == Func : return "Func";
+		if T == NFunc: return "NFunc";
+		if T == String: return value;
+		error(cat("Don't know how to convert ", typename(value), " to a string"));
+	}
+
+	fun isCallable(x)
+		return istypeof(Callable, x);
+
+	fun append(array: List, item)
+		array[count(array)] = item;
+
+	fun abs(n: Numeric) {
+		if n < 0:
+			return -n;
+		return n;
+	}
+
+	fun min(x, y) {
+	    if x < y:
+	        return x;
+	    return y;
+	}
+
+	fun max(x, y) {
+	    if x > y:
+	        return x;
+	    return y;
+	}
+};

src/lib/builtins/utils.c

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#include "utils.h"
+
+int returnValuesVA(Error *error, Heap *heap, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], const char *fmt, va_list va)
+{
+	int retc = 0, i = 0;
+	while (fmt[i] != '\0') {
+
+		if (retc == MAX_RETS) {
+			Error_Report(error, 1, "Return value limit reached");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		
+		Object *ret;
+		switch (fmt[i]) {
+			case 'o': ret = va_arg(va, Object*); break;
+			case 'n': ret = Object_NewNone(heap, error); break;
+			case 'i': ret = Object_FromInt  (va_arg(va, int),    heap, error); break;
+			case 'f': ret = Object_FromFloat(va_arg(va, double), heap, error); break;
+			case 's': ret = Object_FromString(va_arg(va, char*), -1, heap, error); break;
+			default:
+			Error_Report(error, 1, "Invalid format specifier '%c'", fmt[i]);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (ret == NULL)
+			return -1;
+
+		rets[retc++] = ret;
+		i++;
+	}
+	return retc;
+}
+
+bool parseArgs(Error *error, 
+			   Object **argv, 
+			   unsigned int argc, 
+			   ParsedArgument *pargs, 
+			   const char *fmt)
+{
+	unsigned int current_arg = 0;
+	int i = 0;
+	while (fmt[i] != '\0') {
+
+		if (current_arg == argc) {
+			Error_Report(error, 0, "Missing arguments");
+			return false;
+		}
+		Object *arg = argv[current_arg];
+
+		bool may_be_none = false;
+		if (fmt[i] == '?') {
+			may_be_none = true;
+			i++;
+			if (fmt[i] == '\0') {
+				Error_Report(error, 1, "Format terminated unexpectedly");
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (may_be_none && Object_IsNone(arg)) {
+			pargs[current_arg].defined = false;
+		} else {
+			switch (fmt[i]) {
+				
+				case 'o': /* Any object */
+				pargs[current_arg].defined = true;
+				break;
+				
+				case 'b': /* Boolean */ 
+				if (!Object_IsBool(arg)) {
+					Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument %d was expected to be bool, but a %s was provided", current_arg+1, arg->type->name);
+					return false;
+				}
+				pargs[current_arg].defined = true;
+				pargs[current_arg].as_bool = Object_GetBool(arg);
+				break;
+
+				case 'B': /* Buffer */
+				{
+					if (!Object_IsBuffer(arg)) {
+						Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument %d was expected to be a buffer, but a %s was provided", current_arg+1, arg->type->name);
+						return false;
+					}
+					void  *data;
+					size_t size;
+					data = Object_GetBuffer(arg, &size);
+					pargs[current_arg].defined = true;
+					pargs[current_arg].as_buffer.data = data;
+					pargs[current_arg].as_buffer.size = size;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				case 'i': /* Integer */
+				if (!Object_IsInt(arg)) {
+					Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument %d was expected to be an int, but a %s was provided", current_arg+1, arg->type->name);
+					return false;
+				}
+				pargs[current_arg].defined = true;
+				pargs[current_arg].as_int = Object_GetInt(arg);
+				break;
+
+				case 'f': /* Float */
+				if (!Object_IsFloat(arg)) {
+					Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument %d was expected to be a float, but a %s was provided", current_arg+1, arg->type->name);
+					return false;
+				}
+				pargs[current_arg].defined = true;
+				pargs[current_arg].as_float = Object_GetFloat(arg);
+				break;
+
+				case 'l': /* List */
+				if (!Object_IsList(arg)) {
+					Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument %d was expected to be a list, but a %s was provided", current_arg+1, arg->type->name);
+					return false;
+				}
+				pargs[current_arg].defined = true;
+				break;
+
+				case 'm': /* Map */
+				if (!Object_IsMap(arg)) {
+					Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument %d was expected to be a map, but a %s was provided", current_arg+1, arg->type->name);
+					return false;
+				}
+				break;
+
+				case 's': /* String */
+				{
+					if (!Object_IsString(arg)) {
+						Error_Report(error, 0, "Argument %d was expected to be a string, but a %s was provided", current_arg+1, arg->type->name);
+						return false;
+					}
+					const void *data;
+					size_t size;
+					data = Object_GetString(arg, &size);
+					pargs[current_arg].defined = true;
+					pargs[current_arg].as_string.data = data;
+					pargs[current_arg].as_string.size = size;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				default:
+				Error_Report(error, 1, "Invalid argument parser format specifier");
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		i++;
+		current_arg++;
+	}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+	if (current_arg < argc) {
+		// Ignoring part of the format string
+	}
+#endif
+	return true;
+}
+
+int returnValues2(Error *error, Runtime *runtime, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+	va_start(va, fmt);
+	int retc = returnValuesVA(error, Runtime_GetHeap(runtime), rets, fmt, va);
+	va_end(va);
+	return retc;
+}
+
+int returnValues(Error *error, Heap *heap, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+	va_start(va, fmt);
+	int retc = returnValuesVA(error, heap, rets, fmt, va);
+	va_end(va);
+	return retc;
+}

src/lib/builtins/utils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "../utils/error.h"
+#include "../objects/objects.h"
+#include "../runtime/runtime.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+	bool defined;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			const char *data;
+			size_t size;
+		} as_string;
+		struct {
+			void  *data;
+			size_t size;
+		} as_buffer;
+		bool    as_bool;
+		int64_t as_int;
+		double  as_float;
+		FILE   *as_file;
+	};
+} ParsedArgument;
+
+bool parseArgs(Error *error, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, ParsedArgument *pargs, const char *fmt);
+int  returnValues (Error *error, Heap    *heap,    Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], const char *fmt, ...);
+int  returnValues2(Error *error, Runtime *runtime, Object *rets[static MAX_RETS], const char *fmt, ...);

src/lib/objects/o_buffer.c

@@ -76,6 +76,18 @@ _Bool Object_IsBuffer(Object *obj)
 	return Object_GetType(obj) == Object_GetBufferType();
 }
 
+Object *Object_NewBufferFromString(const char *str, size_t len, Heap *heap, Error *error)
+{
+	Object *buffer = Object_NewBuffer(len, heap, error);
+	if (buffer == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	void *ptr = Object_GetBuffer(buffer, NULL);
+	memcpy(ptr, str, len);
+
+	return buffer;
+}
+
 Object *Object_NewBuffer(size_t size, Heap *heap, Error *error)
 {
 	// Make the thing.

src/lib/objects/objects.c

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ int Object_Call(Object *obj, Object **argv, unsigned int argc, Object *rets[stat
 
 	if(type->call == NULL)
 	{
-		Error_Report(err, 0, "Object %s doesn't implement %s", Object_GetName(obj), __func__);
+		Error_Report(err, 0, "Object of type %s isn't callable", Object_GetName(obj), __func__);
 		return -1;
 	}
 

src/lib/objects/objects.h

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ Object*		 Object_NewList2(int num, Object **items, Heap *heap, Error *error);
 Object*		 Object_NewListOfConsecutiveIntegers(int first, int last, Heap *heap, Error *error);
 Object*		 Object_NewNone(Heap *heap, Error *error);
 Object*      Object_NewBuffer(size_t size, Heap *heap, Error *error);
+Object*		 Object_NewBufferFromString(const char *str, size_t len, Heap *heap, Error *error);
 Object*		 Object_NewClosure(Object *parent, Object *new_map, Heap *heap, Error *error);
 Object*      Object_SliceBuffer(Object *obj, size_t offset, size_t length, Heap *heap, Error *error);
 Object*      Object_NewNullable(Object *item, Heap *heap, Error *error);

src/lib/runtime/runtime.c

@@ -879,6 +879,7 @@ static _Bool step(Runtime *runtime, Error *error)
 			
 			arg_index = ops[0].as_int;
 			arg_name  = ops[1].as_string;
+			ASSERT(arg_name != NULL);
 
 			if(runtime->frame->used < 2)
 			{

src/lib/utils/error.c

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void _Error_Report2(Error *err, _Bool internal,
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			snprintf(temp, p+1, fmt, va2);
+			vsnprintf(temp, p+1, fmt, va2);
 			err->truncated = 0;
 			err->message   = temp;
 			err->length    = p;